Wing feathers create uniform windproof surfaces Arranged in an overlapping pattern like roof tiles, the waterproof tips are exposed to the elements and the fluffy bases are tucked close to the body. The longest flight feathers occupy the outer half of the wing and are controlled and rotated like rigid fingers, helping generate forward thrust. Interlocking velcro structure on bird feathers creates a smooth, flexible, and resilient surface that supports flight. Tail feathers, have an interlocking microstructure similar to wing feathers. The smaller feathers on the shoulder of the wing create a smooth, airfoil efficient region over the primary flight feathers, at the point where they attach to the bone. Tail feathers are important flight feathers, attached to the bone they are essential for steering The under feathers create a fluffy insulating structure. Birds maintain their coat through regular preening t o ensure that every feather is in good shape. Tail feathers, have an in...